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Since copying the proprietary BIOS software would have been illegal, a similar product was developed using the so called clean room design or Chinese wall.
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2.3 Developing competing software Clean room design A famous reverse engineering example took place during the 1980s, when Columbia Data Products developed a PC that was very similar to the IBM PCs. A single mistake in an implementation could create potential loopholes. However, we should still try to reverse engineer private implementations of the algorithm. In most well designed algorithms, the best option to decrypt an intercepted message would be to bruteforce all the keys, so that appears to be a dead end. So let us assume that the algorithms conform to Kerckhoffs s principle. If an enemy would ever get their hands on the software, it would be a matter of time before it is reverse engineered, which essentially breaks the algorithm. 2.2 Encryption systems Kerckhoffs s principle 1 states that we should not try to keep the encryption algorithm secret. In that case, the malware could be built to exploit a certain vulnerability in such software. Sometimes, a malware developer might be interested in personal information which is stored in other software. It can use reverse engineering to locate vulnerabilities in an OS, or a protocol, in order to spread the malware. We can also look at it from a completely different angle, namely the perspective of the malware developer.
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On the other hand, code can be obfuscated (see section 4.1) or packed (which means encrypted or compressed) to hide as much as possible. For instance, advanced malware might notice that it is being observed and behave differently, defeating forms of dynamic analysis. Both have their strengths and weaknesses. With static analysis, the code is reverse engineered and studied. Dynamic analysis tries to analyze the program while it is running, by closely monitoring its behaviour with for instance a debugger. 1Ģ 2 Uses 2.1 Malicious software The detection and understanding of malicious software (or malware) can be divided into two techniques: static and dynamic analysis. This question, and more on protecting software will be discussed in section four. Another obvious question is: Is there a way to protect my software from being reverse engineered?. Techniques to do this will be discussed in section three.
Since programs in their binary form are highly unreadable to most people, we would like to translate them in a higher level language and reverse as much as we can from what the compiler did. Reverse engineering is tightly related with security, some topics include: Detecting and analyzing malicious software Testing encryption systems Locating software vulnerabilities These topics, among other uses, will be discussed in section two. From now on we will refer to this simply as reverse engineering. Whereas software engineering can be seen as implementing functional and technical specifications, software reverse engineering is the act of taking a piece of software (the implementation) and reconstructing original specifications or design. Reverse engineering means working backwards from something man made, to gain knowledge about the internal workings or underlying design. We like to take things apart and put them back together. It is the reason that we build particle accelerators, travel in space, and do scientific research in general. 1 Introduction Trying to understand the world around us is part of what makes us human. It is shown how tools such as disassemblers and decompilers can help in this process, and why it is difficult to completely protect software from being reverse engineered. We discuss some of its uses and explain security related issues like malicious software and software piracy. 1 Software Reverse Engineering Jacco Krijnen JAbstract While reverse engineering probably started with the analysis of hardware, today it plays a significant role in the software world.
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